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II RALEIGH ' ftftfrREGI S TEl, ' l.-1 ' ' v0 '- ; - ; and. V :V'J ' '- '- - . "v ' Ours are die plans of fair deliehtfulrscs, i , ' ' ' Umvarp'J bypartyrage, to live Brother. j. ' fTi7 : '1 J- : : ,. . Thursday, Augus SO, 1807. j . , ' ' ' ' No. 413. : ; ' " i - ' ; ; f j i n I jBOM -THE PUBLIC ADVERTISER. t" fAtf comparative powers ttnd-eX bench of ships of zvar, gun boats . qnd Jorzipcaiions ' THE natural defence by men h common to all nations ; but Artificial defence, as an auxiliary to ; hum in strength, must be adapted to thejocal condition and circumstances of a rrvn'rv. What may be suitable to one country, or' in one state of cir cumstances, sx.ay not be so m ano ther, r j ''.!' The U. States have a long line of coast of more than two thousand miles, every part of which requires defence, because every part is ap proachable by water. s The right principle for the U. S. to go upon as a water defence for the coast,- U that of combining the greatest practical power with the Iwast possible bulk, that the whole quan tity of power may be better Unbil led through the several parts of such an extensive coast. j The power of a ship of war is al together in the number and size of the .guns she carries, frr the ship, pi itself "has no power. Ships cannot si. UL-;'le with ei'ch other like' ani mals and besides this, asha'f hei guns are on one side the ship and half on the other, and as he can use ou'.v the guns on one side a-, a time, her teal power is only equal to half her number of .guns. A 74 dan use phly 3.7 guns. She must tuck aboui o bring the other hedf into ac ion and while she is doing this, she is defenceless and exposed. j As this is the case with ships of war, a question naturally arises there from, which is, whether 74 gUns, oi any other number, cannot be more effectually employed, and that with much less expense, than by putting them all into cne ship of such enor mous bulk that it cannot approach a shore either to defend it or attack it ; and though the ship can change its place, the whole number of guns can only beih one place at a time, and only half that number can be li sed at a time, i This is a true statement of the v.:re between sl ips oi war and gui. ooats for the defence cf a cost and towns situated riec'r a cnas'j But the case o'Len is, that men are led r.v:a by the grlatnkss of an idea ix nol by the justness of it. ! 1 his i: aiwavs the case with those who 5 re advocates for navies and lai'e A p-up. -bo at carrvin'T as heavv me ld as a ship of 100 gu r' can carry, is a cne gun ship of 'he line j and se-vemy-f nirof thecn, which would cos: much less than a 74 gun shiplwould cost, would be abie to blow a 4 gun snip out of the water,' Theyf bave, in tii'i use of their d ;ub!e the power of the ship, that is, they have the use of their whole number of 74. to 57. . J - Having thus staled! the general outlines of the subject, I come to particulars. That I might have correct data to go upen with respect to the exueucc of ships and gun-boats, I wroto the head of cne of the departments at Washington for information on that subject , The f ;l!owingis the answer I re ceived. ' , . . Calculating the cost of a 74 cr 6 TOO gun ship, from the actual coht cT the ship United States of 44 guns, buiK at Plvil id-rlphia, between the 4 years 1735 U. 1798, which amount- 4 ed to 20t,000 dotiarf,. it may be pre-J sum eel that a 4 gun siip;vould ' cost 500,000 dollars, and a 100' rUn 4 ship 700,000 dollars. ! & J? Gun-ljoats calculated merely for the defence of V.arbors and rivers, k ill, on an a'verag, cost about 4000 . each, when iit to receive the ' crow and prcviiions." 0:i tle data bet e given, I proceed to state comparative calculations rts- peeing ihips and gun-boats. te snip u. btates cost 300,000 j tio!!-rs. Gun-boats cout4000 dollars ; ;'ilHi consequently the 300,000 dol- "iVZ cxpvndcd on the ship for the -rpose ot getting the use of 44 guns, . 1 -1 v :ioi. navy metal,; would -VY c scvzniy -five gun-boats, . icrymg a cannon of thb same ' - : t n ;t;;,:.-.l that a ship of in hul - 4 1 dred guns can carry. The difference therefiDie is, that the gun-boats give the us; of 31 guns heayy'metal, more than ah be obtained by-the ship, aiid the cxpences in both cases equal. 1 j A 74 gun ship costs 500,000 dol lars. This same money will build a hundred and twenty-five gun-boats. Tile $?in by un-boats is the use of 5 l;guns more than can be gained by expending the money on a ship of mr a 1 1 L. . 74! guns. Vhe tost of an 100 gun ship Is 700,000 dollars." This -money -will I build i75 gun-boats. The gain, by the boats, therefore, is the use of 75 guns more than by the ship. Thoiigh I had a general impres sion, ever since I had know led ge;cH gun-boats, that., any given sum ol money would go much farther in buil dng gun-boats than in building j ships of war, and that gun-boais were preferable to ships for home defence, I did hot suppose the difference was io great as the calculations above gi ven prove them to be, for it is almost double in favor of gun-boats. It is as 175 to 100. The cause of this difference is easily explained. i The fact is, that ail that part of expence in building a ship frorn the deck upwards, including masts, rig ging and sails is saved by budding j,un-boats which ire moved by oars or a light sail occasionally. The difference also in point of re pairs between ships and gun boats, is not only greai, but greater in pro portion than their first cost. The re pairs of ships of war is annually from I -1 4th to 1 10 h of their first cost. Tne annual expence of the repairs of'a sh;p that costs 300.000 dollars will be above 21,000 dollars; the greatest part of this expence is in ii.r sails and rigging, which gun boats are free from. The difference also in point of du ration is great. Gun-boats, when not in use, can be put under shelter and pi ebei Vcd from, the vv cathor, butshipa .cannot j or the boats can be stink in tic vatr or the mud. i.This is the wy the nuts of cider mills for grind ing apples are preserved. Were they to be exposed to the dry. and hot air affcr coming wet from the mill, they wjuld crack and split and be good fbv nothing. Ikit timber under water vvl continue sound several hundred years, provided there be no worms. I Another advantage in favor ol gun biats is the expedition with which a great number may be built at once. : An hundred may be built as soon a one if there at e hands enough to sefabnut them separately. Thevdo not require the preparations for build ing them (hat . ships require, nor de. p water to launch them in. They can be built on the shores cf shallow waters' ; or they might be framed in the woods or forests,' and the parts brought separately down and put to gctherdn the shore. But ships take up a long tmie building. The ship j united states' took up two whole years, .'J6 and '97, and parts of the years 'S5 and '93,and all this for the purpose of getting the use of 44 guns, and those not heavy, metal. This foolish affair was not. in the days of the present administration.. Ships and un-boats are for diffe rent services. Ships are for distant j expeditions ; gunboats for home de j fence. The one-for the ocean, the j other for the shore, j iGun boats being moved by oars, i carnoti be deprived of motion by ! cajt!s, for the calmer th wrMthv . wmvixv the better for the boat. But a hos tile Lhip becalmed in any of our wa ters, can be taken by gun-bo'ats mo- ; vedby oars, let the rate of the shin be I - ... . i wnat tt may. A 100 gun man oi war becalmed is like a giant in a dead palscy. Every little -fellow can kick him. The U. States ought to have 500 gun-b'aats stationed in different parfs I of the coast, each carrying a 32 or j 36 poundjr. Huslile ships would not then venture to lie within our water3,:were it only for the certainty j otDcing Soinetimes becalmed. They would j then become prizes, and the j! insulting bullu on the ocean, be if come prisoners on our waters. I . Having thus stated the corn par a- j ye powers ana expence of ships .oi var and gun-boats,'1! come to speak j ! of fortifications. x . : . jj' Vor ideation may be comnrehend- M ji ed uiideptwcvgeneral hcada. . .;v,. .. ; f itru;, u" 1st, Fortified towns that is. towns enclosed within, a forufietJ polygon, of which there are many Jn the con i lent of Eur.pc, but ot any in England. .. . . 2dty, Simple forts and )atteries These are not formed on the regular principles of fortification, that is, they are not formed for the purpose of standing a siege as a xnriiAed poly gon is. They are for the purpose of obstructing oj annoying tfie progress of an enemy by land orUter. Batteries are formklabH in defend ing naiTow pooacs hy Liud ; s?cb as j tne passage ct a river or a road cut 'through a rough and craggy moun-1 tain tnat cannot be passeri any vhere else. But they are not formidable in tlefending water passes, because a ship with a brisk wind tide and run ning at the rate of twelve miles an hour, will be out of the reach of the fire of the battery in fifteen or twen ty minutes, and being a swift mo ving object all the time, it would be a mere chance that any one shot struck her. When the object of a ship is that of passing a battery for the purpose of attaining or attacking some other object, it is not castomary with the ship to fire at the battery lest it should disturb her cburs;. Time or four men are kepf on deck to attend the helm, and the resi having nothing to do, go below. Duckworth, in pas- ; sing the Dardanelles up to Constan tinople did n t ire at the batteries. Foriificalionsive, in general a de lusive idea of rotectLn. All our principal losses in the revolutionary war, were occasioned by trusting to fortifications, Port Washington, with a garrison of 3500 men, was taken in less than fou hours, and the men prisoners of war. The same fate had bt fallen Fort Lee on the oppo site shpre, if Gen. Greene bad not moved hastily off and gained riackin sack bridge, Gtn. Lincoln lurvified Charler.lon, S. C. and himself and his army were made prisoners of war. Gen- Washington began fortifying New-York in '76, Gen. Howe passed up the East River, landed his army at Frog's Point abovt 20 miles above the city, and marched down upon it, and had not Gen. Washington stole silently and suddenly off on the north river side of York Island, himself and his army nad also been prisontrs. Trust not to fonifica ions oiher'wise than as batteries that can be aban doned at discretion. The case however, is, that batte ries as a water defence against the passage of ships, cannot do much. ' V pre atw rivpn ruirnhr nf frtina to - --y o - ty - be put in a battery for that purpose, and an equal number of the same weight of metal put in gun-boats jor the same purpose, those in the boats would be. more effectual than those in the battery. The reason of this is obvious. A battery is stationary. Its power is limited, to about two ! miles, and, there its power ceases. but every gun-boat moved by oars is a moveable fortification that can follow up its fire and change its place 8c its position as circumsces may require. And beside thisTgitn boats in calms are the sovereigns of ships. As this matter interests the pub lic, and most probably will come be fore Congress at its next meeting, if the printers in any of the sta'.es, -fter publishing it in their newspapers, have a mind to publish H in a pam phlet form, together with my former piece on gun-boats,, they have my consent Ire el v. I take neither copy right nor profit for any thing I have published. COMMON SENSE . For the Raleigh Register. July 10 th, 1207 Madam, In obedience to the promise which I made to you, and the consequent obligation which it agreeably laid me under. I now seat myself to drop you a few lines ; which, if they will h ave no other merit, will have that at least of being the offspring of esteem and friendship. ' Vc are both arrived at' that period of life, when it is necessary for us tn sketch out to ourselves some plan by which we can secure the inore so lid enjoyments of pleasure for ou: .w . maturing minds.; whose greedy ap- petttes begin now to long after more ! serious joys, more permanent hap- p.in ess.,i 'than the whims, play-things and . follies of childhood. ? It is more than I can pretend to. even togueds at all those things and circumstances, and the arrangement of them, w hich are, in their nature and operation, calculated to promote our nluch ;desired reality of satis faction, throughout our lives. This is ah endearing object of pur suit, to which few, if any, sublunary brings can rive, entire access : Hut my little experience and observation in the world, permits me; to ima gine some things, which I humbly suppose will go considerable lengths in the promotion of that great end-j for which we have an uniform del sire. . . ' ; i Among the mahy essentials, I arr constiained to think it not the lelat important of our considerations, at this period of our existence, to securfe, the intercourse and society of a fevlB well chosen friends ; the number i vhom (some writer, I forget who, has said) 48 perhaps ought t be re duced to one." But I feel disposed to be more liberal with the feelings of our friendship, and to clisencou- ;-age, at least in myself, what I take to be an unnecessary and cowar.ily caution and think, that the number of friends may be increased under the prudent guidance cf care and circumspection, " Our joys when extended, are apt to in crease, ,e And grief when divided, is hushed into peace."' And I have the presumption to be lieve, that friendshin between the sexes, if properly conducted, is often or generally more profitable than friendship between persons of the same sex My reason for th belief is this That, if what hr.s been long observ ed, be true (and I chearfully join in ilie belief of it, notwithstanding it has been translated from the pages of a nation branded with levity by Sjxo nic rancour) that attention to females is an evident mark of civilization ; and if our cuuti'ry justly boasts of its progressive improvements injhat noble principle, which is. nursed by the arts and sciences ; then we can not indulge a remaining doubt, but that a sufficient deference will be paid to the female character, in this rising country, to afford them all the necessary influence over our expres sions and conduct, which are bright ened by the precious gem cf femalt modesty. This corrects the asperi ties, St wipes oft those obsc ene words and thoughts which too frequently sully the conversations of men. 9 Whilst that superior attention which is paid to the cultivation and im provement of male minds, together with the circumstances and concerns to which their sphere of action com pels them more strictly to attend, renders them more instructing and more capable of making solid obser vations upon the serious concerns of our lives; That liveliness of imagi nation, which is an agreeable charac teristic of the female mind, connected with lessons wnicn are tne onspi ing i r I I of masculine experience and obscr;; vation, generally shape our words j and actions more like what they ought ! , . - . to be. I have frequently thought. ; that if I were metamorphosed into a female, I should generally make;; rhnW .of the r.rvmnnnv and r.onver- ' I sation of men of - 1 standing's, and refi than be a disciplb quiltinc-frame schools. Notwithstanding the joys and a-, greeable sensations which I gene- rally feel in the company of. kdies, J! w. hose liveliness of disposition, sweet- ! ens the fleeting- hours beyond des- , criptibn: ;' yet (ptrd-:n me when I say i it) vvorrkn have it but seldom in their (Hr!P"fH nP'l-r ! : uul ''K ma escape. o I t,o , nvi Kc i s'ti will I-vp rtT in o 9T7 power, pr want o a nK.re u at- . j RUNAWAY SLAVE, who S?ys tentionlto their education, to Wv2arJZ hjs name r0M He is. about 40 ot tnat simpucuy or manueis ana mjp rectness of thoughts which is some times the boast of our sex. jiiee x i s r J 9 dependentlyto think anf feel for my- self, I have fervently wished that a much greater attention mieht be ince I have' had thef vanity, in- j veaithofthis country might be gp- propriated that way For it is from paid to r.ie cuhivation and improve-; warden or te atate or v irgmta.. ment of the female mind, and that j T1,ie c!r! u"c t CCIe . r . ! ward, prove their property, pay charges, x greater proportion of the growing . and-tal;e the Neeroe awjy as soon as no's. females that children receive their first impressions, which I th'nk are generally the most lasting ; and if these should he vulgar or improper, they will generally tinge the man ners, the thoughts, words, and ac tions through life j and can scarcely ever he entirely erased by all the care and pains which can be taken. in advanced years. , Besides, T think it cannot be doubted, that we should receive the finest touch in the fine arts, of oratory, poetry, Sec. by fre-." qttcnt collision with the minds 6f en lightened, females, who warm, enli ven and animate every thi g they touch, from a disposition or quality which they seem exclusively topos sess- ..' With every sincere wish for your welfare and particularly for your contentment of mind, - I am your friend, , A J AC OB, 1 0;A Year. ' r To Miss P. i. ' Music, French and Drawing. , T, SAM BOURNE, Late Frsiessor tf Music, kc, at FhiladeU .. ph. a, TS about to fix his Residence per f fnanently in the City of Ralegh, whera he proposes giving Instructions in the ibdve polite and fashionalMe Accomphsh men:s, to a select number ot" Pupils, on the .following Terms : The Piano Foite, every other day, at ititeen dollars a quarter. The French .Language, grammatically, m M nday and 1 hursuay evenings, trcm J to 7 o'clock, at five dollars a quarter. Dra wring, evety Saturday afternoon, at 'six dollars "a quarter. - T. Sambourne having obtained leave ; to place his Piano orte m one of the Rooms of the State-House, will expect such Pupils as have not Instruments to attend jthere ; where they -will also have an oppor itunity of practising at leisure hours. Those 'jLadies who have Forte Pianos will be ac ;tended at their own houses. As he intends his. Quarters to he tegu b.ted by those of the Academy, arid on tne ume terms of payment in advance, the Pup Is who now enter with him, will do so for the remainder of the cut rent quarter, which will end on the 2V?ch of August, and oi course will have to pay only for that time. if dessred, T. S. w 1 instruct a few Pupils on the Violin, on Tuesday and Fri day evenings, fKMii 5 to 7, on the same terms as the : Piano Forte. . ' Jxakigb, jfuly 15 Mr. Sambourne having cbtamed his Know ledge ""in the above Profess ons from some cf the first Masters in England, hav ing also had much experience in this coun try, and comes to this place with indispu table testimonials of Character and Talents,, it is expetted he wdl meet with .encourage ment. His regulations being fixed so as to suit the Students in the Academy, those Parents and Guardians who wish their Chil dren or W aids instructed in Musx, &c. wilLbe pleased to communicate their desire to me, or to Mrs. 15 o wen ; as thy may be taught. without interfering materially with, their present studies. W L.. TUKNEIic One Hundred Dollars Reward ABSCONDED, From the Subscriber's Plantation, rear Jamesvdle, SC. AN AFRICAN .FELLiOW,namtd George, who can speak sufficient of English to tell h;s own, and his owner's name. He is about ix feet high, straight and well made, of a black complexion. : vrtA a KmaU scar (as weil as can be recob . i - ! r lecLed) on his cheek bor, under on of his eyes, m cue ot wnien nure is some sijaaii j aranee of blench, though the s.ght is :ieitcuv preserved. He has his country ' i,;. r;u:. ana is. nt n T.lc.nt : countenance. This Feilcvr was once lodged in Cncstcrritld Ja;l with some others that v--c.it olf with him, which were afterwards ' by any white person, and a generous Re wwu, witri au t.'.penees, ior ins aciiYci v i to the subscriber at his residence. JAMES P. RICHARDSON. June 25, 1807. 'TAKEX UP, And lodged in Salisbury jail, N. C, j j Qn the Htbof- Jvnt, 50 v ears of age, an African of a btacl complexion. Say 3 his master's name is ( Richard Wier of AmWia ccunty, .Virginia. Also, taken up. and lodged iij.the same M Jail, on th 13th of July, iu,lUm AWAY, j; Jwho calls himSelf Petfrtirsibout 37 j; cars of age, 5 feet 8 6y QlcWs idgbi of 1 a yellow compaction. He belongs to Chs ; Sibie. TfiOS. HOLMES, Jailor, 4ug. 1. nea Honor ; ra-ntr , person, urcvins; to conviction of the partv, of the tea-table or ; : L;.a: the said Me; ro Fellov was hatbored W mi It n Mil I: 'i ft I; mi -r t' m m 9 I; I' I?- If tit..: I .1 : .; t; . - -jf T
The Weekly Raleigh Register (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Aug. 20, 1807, edition 1
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